33^rd International Congress on Vision Science and Eye September 18-19, 2023 Rome, Italy

Biography:

Boleslav Kotlyar is a full-time practicing retinal surgeon at VRMNJ/Eye Care Partners at two office locations in New Jersey.  He was born in Kiev, Ukraine and grew up in New York City.  His medical training was at the State University of New York at Buffalo and Ophthalmology residency in Brooklyn at Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital. Kotlyar completed his adult and pediatric vitreoretinal surgical fellowship at the busy trauma center of Cook County Hospital in Chicago.  He has been an invited speaker at international conferences, and the recipient of multiple honors, most recently the Teachers Golden Barbouni Award at the Thessaloniki Vitreo-Retinal Summer School 2023.  In his spare time kotlyar enjoys science fiction, cooking, and travelling.

Abstract:

The retina is the essential structure on which light has to be focused to allow for vision.  Movement of the retina out of position with buildup of sub retinal fluid between the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defines a retinal detachment.  The annual incidence of retinal detachments in the US has historically been reported as approximately 1 in 10,000 or about 1 in 300 over a lifetime. 

Retinal detachments come in three varieties, Rhegmatogenous, Tractional, and Serous.  Successful treatment of a Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment relies on isolating the retinal defect and closing the space between the RPE and the retina.  In this lecture through photos and video, I will show examples of pneumatic retinopexy, scleral buckling, and vitrectomy.

Pneumatic Retinopexy involves the intravitreal injection of an expansile gas to flatten a retinal detachment along with retinopexy with either Cryotherapy or laser retinopexy of the offending retinal tears or defects.  This is typically done in the clinic as a single session or over a few days if laser is used.

Scleral buckling involves the placement of a silicone sponge or band to physically indent the outer wall of the eye, decreasing the space between the retina and the RPE.  Relieving existing traction, and supporting the existing retinal breaks in combination with, typically, cryotherapy leads to re-attachment of the retina.

Pars Plana Vitrectomy involves surgery with micro-instruments inside the eye, now though 23-, 25- or 27- gauge trocar ports.  The vitreous gel is removed during vitrectomy, sub retinal fluid is drained, retinal defects are treated with laser or Cryotherapy and a tamponade is used of either gas or oil is used to help maintain retinal adherence to the RPE during the initial stage of treatment scar formation.

Biography:

Nayan Gupta holding a Ph.D. from Chitkara University in 2023 currently serves as an Assistant Professor at the Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Punjab, India. Prior to earning his doctorate, she completed her Masters of Optometry at Sankara Nethralaya affiliated with The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, in 2019. Nayan Gupta's educational journey began with a Bachelor of Optometry degree from the Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Optometry in Pune which she obtained in 2017.

Abstract:

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mental well-being and quality of life among university students with Myopia and to report the efficacy of psychological counselling in improving the psychological well-being among study population in Northern India.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional survey conducted in a university set-up in North India. The study was approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IHEC). The inclusion criteria of the study population included university students aged ≥18 years of age with Myopia (low, moderate, and high) and age matched emmetropes were included. The study was conducted in two phases.

Phase I included an initial demographic survey, followed by the administration of depression, anxiety, and stress 21 (DASS 21) and the sense of coherence-13 (SOC 13) scale. In the Phase II of the study the quality-of-life assessment was done using the World Health Organization- Quality of Life BREF scale (WHO-QOL BREF) and Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). In the phase III of the study, the study participants received psychological counselling based on random block sampling.

The post feedback was taken at day zero and day 30^th to assess the impact of counselling in improving the mental well-being among myopes as well as the emmetropes. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel (version 2019) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version (SPSS) 20.0. The DASS-21, SOC-13, and quality of life scores were compared among varying degrees of myopia and aged-matched emmetropes. Also the analysis was done to understand the impact of counselling among the interventional and non-interventional arm between cases and controls.

Results: The mean ± SD age of the study population was 20.25 ± 3.02 years. In the first phase of the study, a total of 559 (56%) males and 445 (44%) females participated in the study. Among the 1004 study participants, the prevalence of emmetropia was 517 (51 %) and myopia was 487 (49 %). There were statistically significant differences in the rates of anxiety (emmetropes 31.11%, myopes 48.61%) and depression (emmetropes 21.20%, myopes 36.40%) between emmetropes and myopes (χ² = 0.002, p≤0.05, Pearson’s chi-square). The Sense of Coherence scores (mean ± SD) did not differ between myopes (52.95 ± 9.71) and emmetropes (53.62 ± 8.20), (independent t-test, p≥0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the composite quality of life scores among emmetropes (91.75 ± 4.11) and myopes (78.75 ± 8.14), independent t-test (p ≤ 0.05), and similar results were observed in the composite scores of VFQ-25 scores among emmetropes (94.13 ± 4.10) and myopes (72.10 ± 5.10), independent t-test (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant improvement noted in the psychological well-being pre and post counselling (χ² = 0.004, p≤0.05, Pearson’s chi-square) among cases and controls.

Conclusions: Increased rates of depression and anxiety were found among moderate and high myopes with a significant negative impact on the vision-related quality of life. Our study suggested the social acceptance, impulsiveness, purposefulness, and dependency on glasses as the factors for the poor quality of life. Improved psychological well-being was observed following the counseling session.

Biography:

Tsneem H. S. Mbydeen is very passionate about all visual sciences. She has trained at Coulmbia University / Edward Harkness Eye Institute, Manhattan, NY, USA and the Department of Neurology at Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA, Kettering General Hospital, Kettering, UK and American University of Beirut Medical Center. She aspires to contribute to the health and wellbeing of all neuro-ophthalmology, ophthalmology and neurology patients through research and hence she decided to work on this descriptive study. She aims to provide data in the literature regarding unusual occurrences that would hopefully add to understanding these occurrences further and treat them through collective efforts and literature contributions from other researchers.

Abstract:

Acute and chronic leukemia are associated with ocular signs such as: retinal hemorrhages and Roth spots. Sub Retinal Hyper Reflective Material (SHRM) are reported in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (NVAMD) and Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR). We are presenting a patient with acute leukemia and SHRM.

Description: A 24-year-old man with a medical history of transient hypoglycemia was having blurry vision that started in the left eye and then involved the right as well as 30-lb weight loss over 4 months.

Examination 02/2022                             

Conclusions: SHRM is a novel finding with chronic myelogenous leukemia in the setting of hyper viscosity, reduced CSF absorption and possible benign intracranial hypertension.