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Nayan Gupta

Chitkara University, India

Title: Quality of life and mental well-being among university students with myopia

Biography

Biography: Nayan Gupta

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the mental well-being and quality of life among university students with Myopia and to report the efficacy of psychological counselling in improving the psychological well-being among study population in Northern India.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional survey conducted in a university set-up in North India. The study was approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee (IHEC). The inclusion criteria of the study population included university students aged ≥18 years of age with Myopia (low, moderate, and high) and age matched emmetropes were included. The study was conducted in two phases.

Phase I included an initial demographic survey, followed by the administration of depression, anxiety, and stress 21 (DASS 21) and the sense of coherence-13 (SOC 13) scale. In the Phase II of the study the quality-of-life assessment was done using the World Health Organization- Quality of Life BREF scale (WHO-QOL BREF) and Visual Functioning Questionnaire-25 (VFQ-25). In the phase III of the study, the study participants received psychological counselling based on random block sampling.

The post feedback was taken at day zero and day 30th to assess the impact of counselling in improving the mental well-being among myopes as well as the emmetropes. The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel (version 2019) and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version (SPSS) 20.0. The DASS-21, SOC-13, and quality of life scores were compared among varying degrees of myopia and aged-matched emmetropes. Also the analysis was done to understand the impact of counselling among the interventional and non-interventional arm between cases and controls.

Results: The mean ± SD age of the study population was 20.25 ± 3.02 years. In the first phase of the study, a total of 559 (56%) males and 445 (44%) females participated in the study. Among the 1004 study participants, the prevalence of emmetropia was 517 (51 %) and myopia was 487 (49 %). There were statistically significant differences in the rates of anxiety (emmetropes 31.11%, myopes 48.61%) and depression (emmetropes 21.20%, myopes 36.40%) between emmetropes and myopes (χ2 = 0.002, p≤0.05, Pearson’s chi-square). The Sense of Coherence scores (mean ± SD) did not differ between myopes (52.95 ± 9.71) and emmetropes (53.62 ± 8.20), (independent t-test, p≥0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the composite quality of life scores among emmetropes (91.75 ± 4.11) and myopes (78.75 ± 8.14), independent t-test (p ≤ 0.05), and similar results were observed in the composite scores of VFQ-25 scores among emmetropes (94.13 ± 4.10) and myopes (72.10 ± 5.10), independent t-test (p ≤ 0.05). There was a significant improvement noted in the psychological well-being pre and post counselling (χ2 = 0.004, p≤0.05, Pearson’s chi-square) among cases and controls.

Conclusions: Increased rates of depression and anxiety were found among moderate and high myopes with a significant negative impact on the vision-related quality of life. Our study suggested the social acceptance, impulsiveness, purposefulness, and dependency on glasses as the factors for the poor quality of life. Improved psychological well-being was observed following the counseling session.